Safaeian M, Sampson JN, Pan Y, et al. If it becomes cancer, then there may be some symptoms.Penile cancer — cancer of the penis — might show symptoms like changes in color or thickness of the skin of your penis, or a painful sore might show up on your penis.Anal cancer might cause anal bleeding, pain, itching, or discharge, or changes in bowel habits.Throat cancer might cause a sore throat, ear pain that doesn’t go away, constant coughing, pain or trouble swallowing or breathing, weight loss, or a lump or mass in your neck.If you develop any of these symptoms, see a doctor right away.High-risk HPV can cause normal cells to become abnormal. They do not cause any problems in most people, but some types can cause genital warts or cancer. Why is it important for people to follow HPV vaccination recommendations?Should HPV vaccines be given to women who are already infected with HPV or have cervical cell changes?Do women who have been vaccinated still need to be screened for cervical cancer?How much does HPV vaccination cost, and will insurance pay for it?What research is being done on strategies to prevent HPV infection?HPV vaccines are vaccines that protect against infection with Three vaccines that prevent infection with disease-causing HPV types are licensed for use in the United States: Gardasil 9 is now the only HPV vaccine available for use in the United States. We couldn't access your location, please search for a location.We couldn't access your location, please search for a location. Trimble CL, Morrow MP, Kraynyak KA, et al. In the case of cervical cancer, there are precancerous cervical lesions that often develop long before the cancer becomes invasive. More information is available at What research is being done on strategies to prevent HPV infection?Another prevention strategy that is being explored is Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Reduced prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 years after bivalent HPV vaccination in a randomized clinical trial in Costa Rica. Jemal A, Simard EP, Dorell C, et al. It helps protect them against cervical cancer.Some sexual health clinics may offer anal screening to men with a higher risk of developing anal cancer, such as men who have sex with men.There's no treatment for HPV. Kreimer AR, Sherman ME, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Safaeian M. The case for conducting a randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of a single dose of prophylactic HPV vaccines among adolescents. Smoking cigarettes also makes HPV more likely to cause cervical cancer. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit under EIN 13-1644147. Hildesheim A, Gonzalez P, Kreimer AR, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that are extremely common worldwide. Durability of protection afforded by fewer doses of the HPV16/18 vaccine: The CVT Trial. They're easy to catch. Gee J, Weinbaum C, Sukumaran L, Markowitz LE. The efficacy and safety of Tipapkinogen Sovacivec therapeutic HPV vaccine in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3: Randomized controlled phase II trial with 2.5 years of follow-up. Cold knife conization: Using a scalpel to remove abnormal tissue. Some of these are high risk types that can lead to the development of cancer or precancer. Yet even though there are over 150 different types of HPV, many people aren’t aware they have it. Huh WK, Joura EA, Giuliano AR, et al. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine safety review and safety monitoring plans for nine-valent HPV vaccine in the United States. HPV Transmission Risk With Pelvic Ultrasound Probes : A national cohort analysis. Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Lowy DR. HPV prophylactic vaccines and the potential prevention of noncervical cancers in both men and women. Sustained efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: Final analysis of a long-term follow-up study up to 9.4 years post-vaccination. HPV 16 and 18 are high-risk types known to significantly increase the risk of cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer in women, as well as penile cancer in men. HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity. You can have it even if you have not been sexually active or had a new partner for many years.You cannot fully protect yourself against HPV, but there are things that can help. Naud PS, Roteli-Martins CM, De Carvalho NS, et al. Thanks for your feedback. It's very common. Hildesheim A, Herrero R, Wacholder S, et al. Use of a 2-dose schedule for human papillomavirus vaccination — Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. We don’t know why some people develop long-term HPV infections, precancerous cell changes, or cancer.